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The Canadian Alliance of Aromatherapists (CAOA) is excited to announce the release of our latest newsletter! Packed with valuable information and resources for aromatherapists and those interested in learning more about this holistic practice.

Whether you're a seasoned professional or just starting your aromatherapy journey, the CAOA newsletter is a valuable resource that you won't want to miss.

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By Kathleen Jaggassar and Meltem Salli

Background

Angelica glauca is listed as endangered on the Airmid Biannual List (Airmid Institute, 2024). It is a Himalayan medicinal plant that is critically endangered due to the overharvesting of its roots (Ved et al., 2015). This unsustainable practice and habitat loss from agriculture, construction, and human settlement have led to a significant population decline of approximately 70% in the last 10 years. The species is endemic to India and found in the Western Himalayas. While used in traditional medicine and for flavoring food, no effective conservation measures are currently in place to protect this valuable plant. Angelica glauca was last assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2014 and is listed as Endangered under criteria A2cd, indicating a significant decline in population size over a period of time due to factors such as overexploitation and habitat loss (IUCN, 2024). A recent review concluded it was on the brink of extinction due to over exploitation, unscientific harvesting, overgrazing, climate change, and embryo-less seeds (Gautam, Ranina & Dikshit, 2023). 

Angelica glauca Edgew. Observed in Indiaby Satyen Mehta (licensed under http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/)

Note that Angelica glauca, differs from Angelica archangelica, a tall, aromatic herb native to northern Europe and Asia. Angelica archangelica is widely cultivated and naturalized in many regions, including parts of Europe, for medicinal and culinary uses. Its essential oil is used in various products, and its roots and seeds have medicinal properties (Schweizer & Hasinger, 2014). While its population trend is unknown, its large distribution suggests it is likely stable; it was last assessed for the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species in 2014 and is listed as least concern (IUCN, 2024). This difference emphasizes the necessity of precise Latin nomenclature when purchasing essential oils.

Chemical Constituents and Properties

Angelica glauca, according to Tisserand and Young (2014), contains primary chemical constituents such as cis-3-Butylidene pythalide (11-21%), cis-Ligustilide (5-20%), and 3-Methyl-oct-2-ene (6-14%). Rhind (2019) highlights the plant's diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal, and bronchodilatory effects. She also notes the presence of cis-Ligustilide and suggests potential neuroprotective properties.

Analogs for Angelica glauca

1. Celery Seed Essential Oil (Apium graveolens) ICUN Red List Status: Least Concern

   • Key Component: Contains phthalides like 3-Butylidenephthalide and Ligustilide.

   • Therapeutic Effects:

   • • Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.

     • Calming effects, support digestion and promote healthy circulation.

     • Traditionally used for detoxification and relieving joint discomfort.

2. Angelica Root Essential Oil (Angelica archangelica) ICUN Red List Status: Least Concern

   • Key Component: Contains Ligustilide as a primary constituent.

   • Therapeutic Effects:

   • • Antispasmodic and calming to the nervous system.

     • Supports respiratory health and relieves stress.

     • Known for detoxifying and grounding effects.

3. Lovage Essential Oil (Levisticum officinale)  ICUN Red List Status: Not Assessed*

   • Key Component: Contains phthalides such as Ligustilide and related compounds.

   • Therapeutic Effects:

   • • Strong detoxifying properties.

     • Promotes circulation and digestive health.

     • May have antimicrobial and antifungal activities.

4. Coriander Seed Essential Oil (Coriandrum sativum) ICUN Red List Status: Not Assessed*

   • Key Component: Contains monoterpenes and small amounts of Ligustilide derivatives.

   • Therapeutic Effects:

   • • Digestive support and anti-inflammatory properties.

     • Calms nervous tension and aids in reducing stress.

     • Antimicrobial effects.

5. Fennel Essential Oil (Foeniculum vulgare) ICUN Red List Status: Least Concern

   • Key Component: Contains compounds that can act synergistically with phthalides.

   • Therapeutic Effects:

   • • Digestive aid, relieves bloating and discomfort.

     • Supports hormonal balance and promotes detoxification.

     • Antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.

*The IUCN Red List assesses wild species, so essential oils cultivated from farmed plants might be more sustainable. However, sustainability also depends on farming practices (organic, fair labor), processing methods (steam distillation is often better than solvent extraction), and supply chain transparency (traceability, fair trade). By considering these factors, consumers can make more informed choices about the sustainability of their essential oils.

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References

Airmid Institute. "Airmid Institute Biannual List of Wild Threatened, Near Threatened, and CITES Protected Plants, Mammals, Fungi, and Seaweed Species Used in Aromatherapy, Perfumery, and Aromatic Herbalism (July 1, 2024 – December 31, 2024)." Airmid Biannual List.

Gautam, K., Raina, R., & Dikshit, N. (2023). Current knowledge on sustainability and conservation of Endangered Himalayan medicinal herb A. glauca Edgew.-A review. Journal of Herbal Medicine, 100764. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S2210803323001422 

IUCN. 2024. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2024-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org. Accessed on 21 December 2024. 

Rhind, J. P. (2019). Essential Oils (Fully Revised and Updated 3rd Edition): A Comprehensive Handbook for Aromatic Therapy. Singing Dragon.

Schweizer, F. & Hasinger, O. 2014. Angelica archangelica (Europe assessment). The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2014: e.T202926A2758057. Accessed on 21 December 2024. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/202926/2758057

Tisserand, R., & Young, R. (2014). Essential oil safety: A guide for health care professionals (2nd ed.). Churchill Livingstone

Ved, D., Saha, D., Ravikumar, K. & Haridasan, K. 2015. Angelica glauca. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2015: e.T50126564A50131275. https://dx.doi.org/10.2305/IUCN.UK.2015-2.RLTS.T50126564A50131275.en. Accessed on 21 December 2024. https://www.iucnredlist.org/species/50126564/50131275

Discover the latest news and resources in the world of aromatherapy with our December 2024 newsletter.

Our December newsletter is packed with exciting content designed to inspire and inform our CAOA members and followers, like you.

View it here.

Canada's Natural Health Products Regulations (NHPR) significantly impact aromatherapists, especially those who create and sell products. This guide will help you understand the key points and how they affect your practice.

Understanding the Basics

The NHPR primarily regulates products intended to treat, prevent, or diagnose disease or to maintain or improve health, not cosmetic applications (more on that below). While essential oils aren't regulated as drugs, their therapeutic use falls under the NHPR.

Key impacts for aromatherapists:

• Product Labeling: Pre-blended essential oil products must adhere to strict labeling requirements, including ingredient lists, health claims, and safety information.

• Health Claims: Making therapeutic claims about essential oils necessitates scientific evidence and compliance with specific guidelines.

• Professional Practice: Aromatherapists must stay informed about the NHPR to ensure compliance when providing advice or recommendations.

• Product Sourcing: Sourcing essential oils from reputable suppliers is crucial to guarantee quality and safety.

• Health Canada has developed a monograph for Aromatherapy preparation of Product Licence Applications (PLAs) and labels for natural health product market authorization.

The Difference Between Cosmetics and Natural Health Products

A key distinction lies in the intended use and claims made about the product.

Cosmetic Applications:

• Intent: Primarily for external use, such as skincare, hair care, or fragrance.

• Claims: Focus on sensory properties like scent, texture, or appearance.

• Regulation: Typically regulated under less stringent cosmetic regulations.

• Find out more about how Canada regulates cosmetics here.

Natural Health Products:

• Intent: To treat, prevent, or diagnose disease or to maintain or improve health.

• Claims: May make therapeutic claims, such as "relieves stress" or "promotes relaxation."

• Regulation: Subject to stricter regulations under the NHPR.

• Find out more about NHPR here.

Impact on Private Practice

While the NHPR regulates product sales of Natural Health Products, it can indirectly impact aromatherapists in private practice:

• Therapeutic Claims: Avoid exaggerated claims and encourage clients to consult with healthcare professionals for medical advice.

• Product Labeling and Safety: Ensure clear labeling with accurate ingredient information and usage instructions, and advise clients about potential allergies and sensitivities. Refer to the monograph prepared by Health Canada for guideance.

• Professional Conduct: Adhere to ethical guidelines and professional standards and stay updated on the latest research and regulations.

Conclusion

By understanding the NHPR, aromatherapists can navigate the regulatory landscape and ensure compliance while providing safe and effective aromatherapy services. Remember to prioritize client well-being, avoid unsubstantiated claims, and stay informed about the evolving regulations.

Disclaimer: The information provided in this blog post is intended for general knowledge and informational purposes only and does not constitute legal advice. It is not a substitute for professional legal advice. Always consult with a qualified attorney or legal professional for advice tailored to your specific circumstances. The author and publisher of this blog post disclaim all liability for any direct or indirect losses or damages caused by reliance on the information contained herein.

Discover the latest news and resources in the world of aromatherapy with our November 2024 newsletter.

Our November newsletter is packed with exciting content designed to inspire and inform our CAOA members and followers, like you.

Access it here.

Discover the latest news and resources in the world of aromatherapy with our October 2024 newsletter.

Our October newsletter is packed with exciting content designed to inspire and inform our CAOA members and followers, like you.

Access it here.

Discover the latest news and resources in the world of aromatherapy with our September 2024 newsletter.

Our September newsletter is packed with exciting content designed to inspire and inform our CAOA members and followers, like you.

Inside this issue, you'll find:

• Feature article: Explore the use of essential oils to enhance sleep quality and well-being. Also find guideance in assessing and assisting clients with sleep problems.
• Upcoming events: the CAOA presents a webinar Series for Aromatherapy for trauma and grief, focused on supporting clients experiencing these issues.
• And much more!

Missed the newsletter or want a copy for your reference?

No worries! We've made the PDF version of our September newsletter available for download. Simply click here to access it.

By Kelly Ablard, PhD, RA

Aromatherapy, as defined by the National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy, is “the art and science of utilizing naturally extracted aromatic essences from plants to balance, harmonize and promote the health of body, mind and spirit. It seeks to unify physiological, psychological and spiritual processes to enhance an individual’s innate healing process.”

Research conducted in Peru (Ablard, 2016) revealed compelling evidence that aromatherapy, as defined above, is a form of traditional medicine (TM) used often as a first-line treatment throughout Peru. Aromatic plant medicine (APM) was considered crucial to healing by 100% of the informants questioned; according to a Peruvian Elder, “the aromatic essence of the plant is very powerful.” These powerful essences were utilized by both males and females who ranged in age from 4 to 74 years and by healer and non-healers. A Shipibo teacher said APM is “all healing, mind-balancing, and a source of strength.” Aromatic plant medicine was used daily and was a critical part of their spiritual and healing practices.

The healing process for 50% of the Latin American population in both rural and urban settings begins and ends with TM as it is the only accessible and affordable medicine available. And it is often the preferred treatment; even those who can obtain allopathic medicine generally opt to protect and conserve their indigenous medical systems with their traditional knowledge of, and healing practices using TM (Alban, 1984; Bussmann et al., 2011; Jauregui et al., 2011; Bussmann, 2013).

Traditional medicine not only costs less than allopathic medicine, but it often works better and has fewer side effects. As a result, TM practice has gained the respect of government agencies and health providers in Peru, as well as those in developed countries (Bussmann, 2013; Caceres Guido et al., 2015).

Aromatic Plant Medicine Preparation

Each Peruvian informant knew something about naturally producing aromatic extracts from fresh plant material, and which methods produced less toxins. Extractions were done on the whole plant: leaves, resin, stems, roots, bark, wood, and flowers. Extraction methods included alcohol extraction (tincture), water extraction (infusion or decoction), heat extraction, lipid extraction (infusion), maceration (i.e. crushing) and steam distillation (Ablard, 2016).

Water extractions and maceration were the two extraction methods most frequently observed, solvent and heat extraction methods were the most frequently spoken about, and steam distillation was the least used method. Two reasons for this is that authentic stills are too expensive for communities to purchase, and they are not readily available in the jungles of central Peru. They are so rare that when introducing an Amazonian healer to an essential oil for the first time in his life, he spent hours examining it, questioning its therapeutic properties and applications, and connecting with the plant’s spirit (Ablard, 2016).

While carrying out this research, donated essential oils from Stillpoint Aromatics (Sedona, AZ, USA), were given to numerous remote Peruvian Shipibo communities. The elders and plant medicine healers were trained on how to safely use them. This form of TM was greatly desired, as it was shown to enhance the overall well-being of Shipibo individuals and community members.

Stainless Steel Still

A fundraising initiative was launched to collect the funds for the acquisition and shipping of a 30-litre stainless steel still, expertly designed by Dr. Benoit Roger at Alchemia Solutions (Figure 1). The still’s compact design was specifically intended for the convenience of our dear Shipibo colleagues, allowing for effortless transportation during their expeditions into the Amazon rainforest. Here, they will procure essential oils from a selection of distinctive, responsibly sourced, and ecologically safe Peruvian medicinal and aromatic plants. This endeavor is poised to significantly benefit the community by fostering economic, environmental, cultural, and public health sustainability.

The money was successfully raised for the still, which was received by the Shipibo in April 2024, and the first distillation was carried out on a Peruvian lemongrass with great success (Figures 2 and 3). We look forward to seeing what other aromatic treasures our Shipibo colleagues will create!

A significant donation toward this initiative was made by the Canadian Alliance of Aromatherapy. My dear Shipibo colleagues are most grateful to the CAOA for supporting them, helping preserve their plant medicine, and exploring how modern meets traditional practices. Supporting Indigenous communities should be integral to ethical sourcing, a commitment the CAOA has made as a valued and esteemed member of Airmid Institute.

About the author: Dr. Kelly Ablard is a skilled research and organizational leadership professional and the Founder and Executive Director of Airmid Institute, a non-profit charitable organization dedicated to the global education, research, and sustainable management of medicinal and aromatic plants. 

References

Ablard, K. (2016). Exploring Aromatherapy as a Form of Traditional Aromatic Plant Medicine in Peru. International Journal of Professional Holistic Aromatherapy, 5(5), 51-61.

Albán J. (1984). Plantas medicinales usadas en Lima para los trastornos digestivos.Thesis. Facultad de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, p190.

Bussmann R W, Malca G, Glenn A, Sharon D, Nilsen B, Parris B, Dubose D, Ruiz D, Saleda J, Martinez M, Carillo L, Walker K, Kuhlman A, Towne- smith A. (2011). Toxicity of medicinal plants used in traditional medicine in Northern Peru. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 137, p121–140.

Bussmann R W. (2013). The Globalization of Traditional Medicine in Northern Peru: From Shamanism to Molecules. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. Available: doi:10.1155/2013/291903. Last accessed 15 May 2024.

Caceres Guido P, Ribas A, Gaioli M, Quattrone F, Macchi A. (2015). The state of the integrative medicine in Latin America: The long road to include complementary, natural, and traditional practices in formal health systems. European Journal of Integrative Medicine. 7, p5–12.

Jauregui X, Clavo Z M, Jovel E M, Pardo-de Santayana M. (2011). Plantas con madre: Plants that teach and guide in the shamanic initiation process in the East-Central Peruvian Amazon. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 134, p739–752.

National Association for Holistic Aromatherapy (NAHA). (2016). Available: www.naha.org. Last accessed 20 January 2016.